# Policy Briefs ## expand\_more Download 9 citations download- [BibTeX](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=bibtex) - [EndNote X3 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=endnote8) - [EndNote 7 XML](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=endnote7) - [Endnote tagged](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=tagged) - [Marc](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=marc) - [PubMedId](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=pubmed_id) - [RIS](/bibcite/export?pager_style=no_pager&number_of_items=12&sort_field=bibcite_year--desc&&content_filter%5B0%5D=1610071&content_filter%5B1%5D=1459231&content_filter%5B2%5D=1447775&content_filter%5B3%5D=1429519&content_filter%5B4%5D=1429522&content_filter%5B5%5D=1429521&content_filter%5B6%5D=1429520&content_filter%5B7%5D=1429523&content_filter%5B8%5D=1429524&&format=ris) ### 2024 Joseph Kalt. 2024. [Self-Government, Taxation, and Tribal Development: The Critical Role of American Indian Nation Business Enterprises](/publications/self-government-taxation-and-tribal-development-critical-role-american-indian) Joseph Kalt. 2024. [Self-Government, Taxation, and Tribal Development: The Critical Role of American Indian Nation Business Enterprises](/publications/self-government-taxation-and-tribal-development-critical-role-american-indian) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Policy-Brief-8-Taxation-Enterprises-10-07-24-vFIN-for-DIST.pdf) Under federal policies of self-determination through self-government, the 574 federally recognized American Indian nations in the United States are now expected to perform essentially all of the functions performed by state and local governments... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Policy-Brief-8-Taxation-Enterprises-10-07-24-vFIN-for-DIST.pdf) ### 2022 Joseph P. Kalt, Amy Medford, and Jonathan B. Taylor. 2022. [Economic and Social Impacts of Restrictions on the Applicability of Federal Indian Policies to the Wabanaki Nations in Maine](/publications/economic-and-social-impacts-restrictions-applicability-federal-indian-policies-0) Joseph P. Kalt, Amy Medford, and Jonathan B. Taylor. 2022. [Economic and Social Impacts of Restrictions on the Applicability of Federal Indian Policies to the Wabanaki Nations in Maine](/publications/economic-and-social-impacts-restrictions-applicability-federal-indian-policies-0) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/sites/hwpi.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/wabanaki_report_vfin_for_dist_2022-12-02.pdf?m=1670193785) For at least the last several decades, federal Indian policy in the US has supported tribal self-determination through tribal self-government. The results have been (1) remarkable economic growth across most of Indian Country, and (2) concomitant... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/sites/hwpi.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/wabanaki_report_vfin_for_dist_2022-12-02.pdf?m=1670193785) Miriam Jorgensen and Laura Taylor. 2022. [Considerations for Federal and State Landback](/publications/considerations-federal-and-state-landback) Miriam Jorgensen and Laura Taylor. 2022. [Considerations for Federal and State Landback](/publications/considerations-federal-and-state-landback) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/land_back_policy_brief180.pdf?m=1666224970) This policy brief showcases how geographic information system (GIS) techniques can be used to identify public and/or protected land in relation to current and historic reservation boundaries, and presents maps showcasing the scope of landback... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/land_back_policy_brief180.pdf?m=1666224970) ### 2021 Eric C. Henson, Miriam R. Jorgensen, Joseph P. Kalt, and Isabelle G. Leonaitis. 2021. [Assessing the US Treasury Department’s Allocations of Funding for Tribal Governments under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021](/publications/assessing-us-treasury-departments-allocations-funding-tribal-governments-under) Eric C. Henson, Miriam R. Jorgensen, Joseph P. Kalt, and Isabelle G. Leonaitis. 2021. [Assessing the US Treasury Department’s Allocations of Funding for Tribal Governments under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021](/publications/assessing-us-treasury-departments-allocations-funding-tribal-governments-under) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/assessing_the_u.s._treasury_departments_allocations_of_funding_for_tribal_governments.pdf?m=1635972521) The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“the Act” or “ARPA”) has resulted in the single largest infusion of federal funding for Native America in U.S. history. The core of this funding is $20 billion for the more than 570 federally recognized American... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/assessing_the_u.s._treasury_departments_allocations_of_funding_for_tribal_governments.pdf?m=1635972521) Eric C. Henson, Megan M. Hill, Miriam R. Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2021. [Recommendations for Allocation and Administration of American Rescue Plan Act Funding for American Indian Tribal Governments](/publications/recommendations-allocation-and-administration-american-rescue-plan-act-funding) Eric C. Henson, Megan M. Hill, Miriam R. Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2021. [Recommendations for Allocation and Administration of American Rescue Plan Act Funding for American Indian Tribal Governments](/publications/recommendations-allocation-and-administration-american-rescue-plan-act-funding) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_6_-_arpa_04-09-21_vfin_dist.pdf?m=1618001727) The American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) provides the largest infusion of federal funding for Indian Country in the history of the United States. More than $32 billion dollars is directed toward assisting American Indian nations and communities as they work... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_6_-_arpa_04-09-21_vfin_dist.pdf?m=1618001727) ### 2020 Eric C. Henson, Miriam R. Jorgensen, Megan M. Hill, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2020. [Emerging Stronger Than Before: Guidelines for the Federal Role in American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes’ Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic](/publications/emerging-stronger-guidelines-federal-role-american-indian-and-alaska-native) Eric C. Henson, Miriam R. Jorgensen, Megan M. Hill, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2020. [Emerging Stronger Than Before: Guidelines for the Federal Role in American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes’ Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic](/publications/emerging-stronger-guidelines-federal-role-american-indian-and-alaska-native) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_4-federal_policy_24july2020_final_for_dist.pdf?m=1595612546) The COVID‐19 pandemic has wrought havoc in Indian Country. While the American people as a whole have borne extreme pain and suffering, and the transition back to “normal” will be drawn out and difficult, the First Peoples of America arguably have... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_4-federal_policy_24july2020_final_for_dist.pdf?m=1595612546) Eric C. Henson, Megan M. Hill, Miriam R. Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2020. [Federal COVID-19 Response Funding for Tribal Governments: Lessons from the CARES Act](/publications/federal-covid-19-response-funding-tribal-governments-lessons-cares-act) Eric C. Henson, Megan M. Hill, Miriam R. Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2020. [Federal COVID-19 Response Funding for Tribal Governments: Lessons from the CARES Act](/publications/federal-covid-19-response-funding-tribal-governments-lessons-cares-act) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_5-cares_act_lessons_24july2020_final_for_dist.pdf?m=1595612547https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_5-cares_act_lessons_24july2020_final_for_dist.pdf?m=1595612547) The federal response to the COVID‐19 pandemic has played out in varied ways over the past several months. For Native nations, the CARES Act (i.e., the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act) has been the most prominent component of this... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_5-cares_act_lessons_24july2020_final_for_dist.pdf?m=1595612547https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/policy_brief_5-cares_act_lessons_24july2020_final_for_dist.pdf?m=1595612547) Randall K.Q. Akee, Eric C. Henson, Miriam R. Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2020. [Dissecting the US Treasury Department’s Round 1 Allocations of CARES Act COVID‐19 Relief Funding for Tribal Governments](/publications/dissecting-us-treasury-department%E2%80%99s-round-1-allocations-cares-act-covid%E2%80%9019) Randall K.Q. Akee, Eric C. Henson, Miriam R. Jorgensen, and Joseph P. Kalt. 2020. [Dissecting the US Treasury Department’s Round 1 Allocations of CARES Act COVID‐19 Relief Funding for Tribal Governments](/publications/dissecting-us-treasury-department%E2%80%99s-round-1-allocations-cares-act-covid%E2%80%9019) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/2harvard_nni_dissection_of_treasury_allocation_w_appendix_05_18_2020_vfin_for_dist_2_.pdf) This study dissects the US Department of the Treasury’s formula for distributing first-round CARES Act funds to Indian Country. The Department has indicated that its formula is intended to allocate relief funds based on tribes’ populations, but the... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/2harvard_nni_dissection_of_treasury_allocation_w_appendix_05_18_2020_vfin_for_dist_2_.pdf) Randall K.Q. Akee, Joseph P. Kalt, Eric C. Henson, and Miriam Jorgensen. 2020. [Policy Memo Regarding the Allocation of COVID-19 Response Funds to American Indian Nations](/publications/policy-memo-regarding-allocation-covid-19-response-funds-american-indian-nations) Randall K.Q. Akee, Joseph P. Kalt, Eric C. Henson, and Miriam Jorgensen. 2020. [Policy Memo Regarding the Allocation of COVID-19 Response Funds to American Indian Nations](/publications/policy-memo-regarding-allocation-covid-19-response-funds-american-indian-nations) - add\_circle\_outline do\_not\_disturb\_on Abstract - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/hpaied_ash_covid_letter_to_treasury_04-10-20_vsignedvfinv02.pdf) The COVID-19 crisis poses an immediate threat to three decades of improvement in economic conditions across Indian Country. Federal policies of tribal self-determination through self government have gradually, if unevenly, allowed economic development to... - [ descriptionPublisher's Version](https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/hpaied_ash_covid_letter_to_treasury_04-10-20_vsignedvfinv02.pdf)