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In 1980, the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (GTB) obtained federal recognition and, in 1988, developed a constitutional government. In this process, GTB’s leaders were acutely aware that developing a constitutional...

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In 1971, the Indian Claims Commission settled a 1948 case against the U.S. government by awarding the Michigan Chippewa and Ottawa Indians $10.3 million in just compensation for ceded lands. However, the settlement money could not exit...

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Faced with a growing land base and population, ongoing economic development, an increasing number of visitors to its reservation, and new pressures from outside interests, the Grand Traverse Band created a Planning and Development...