1999

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Created in 1995, this Tribally funded program serves 350 students (from toddlers to teenagers) and uses elder-youth interaction, song books, and comic books to teach the Ojibwe language. In addition, the Program broadcasts language...

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Following a major tribally-initiated restructuring in the early 1980s that created a quality improvement committee and a flatter organizational structure, the PTHA has increased patient access for urgent care visits, reduced “no show”...

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For hundreds of years, the Navajo lived under a traditional justice system composed of both Navajo common law and consensus-oriented judicial procedures. The aim of the justice system was simple: to restore harmony. Over time, the Nation...

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In an effort to prevent the educational system from further eroding Navajo culture, Rough Rock became the first Native community in the United States to assume control of a Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) school. By contracting with the...

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Fishing, hunting, and gathering have long been central to the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe’s collective identity. So when the Band yielded a large amount of territory to the United States government in Treaty of 1837, its members retained...

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In 1971, the Indian Claims Commission settled a 1948 case against the U.S. government by awarding the Michigan Chippewa and Ottawa Indians $10.3 million in just compensation for ceded lands. However, the settlement money could not exit...

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Recognized by state game and fish agencies as being one of the best of its kind, the Jicarilla Apache Game & Fish Program includes a game and fish code as well as a wildlife management fund for habitat enhancement projects. The Program...

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By developing a plan that includes monitoring, outreach, species management/control, and research, the Nez Perce Tribe is now leading the statewide recovery of the endangered Gray Wolf. The Idaho Gray Wolf Recovery Program has resulted in...

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After transferring all health care decisions from Indian Health Services to tribal control over a ten-year period, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians significantly improved its health care delivery system. Its state-of-the-art Health...

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In 1980, the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (GTB) obtained federal recognition and, in 1988, developed a constitutional government. In this process, GTB’s leaders were acutely aware that developing a constitutional...